Liveness detection articles
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Face Anti-Spoofing Design Checklist: 12 Items to Review Before Production
A 12-item face anti-spoofing checklist to review before production: threat model, liveness detection approach, APCER/BPCER, and operating environment.
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Types of Presentation Attacks on Face Recognition — and Which Ones Are Realistic Threats
Five presentation attacks on face recognition (print, display, replay, 3D mask, deepfake), ranked by cost and likelihood, and where to defend.
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We Built Face Recognition with OpenCV — and a Printed Photo Got Right Through (C++)
OpenCV’s YuNet + SFace face recognition accepts a printed photo of the user. Reproducible C++ code, and why you need liveness detection on top.